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EIP-7864 Ethereum state using a unified binary tree

DraftCorecreated 2025-01-20

Switch Ethereum state tree to a unified binary tree

Authors: Vitalik Buterin (@vbuterin), Guillaume Ballet (@gballet), Dankrad Feist (@dankrad), Ignacio Hagopian (@jsign), Kevaundray Wedderburn (@kevaundray), Tanishq Jasoria (@tanishqjasoria), Gajinder Singh (@g11tech), Danno Ferrin (@shemnon), Piper Merriam (@pipermerriam), Gottfried Herold (@GottfriedHerold)

What the specification covers

AbstractMotivationSpecificationNotable changes from the hexary structureTree structureNode merkelizationTree embeddingHeader valuesCodeStorageForkAccess eventsRationaleSingle tree designStorage type as prefixhash(address) + hash(address + storage_key_prefix) formulaSNARK friendliness and Post-Quantum securityArity-2Tree depthState-expiryBackwards CompatibilityTest CasesReference ImplementationSecurity ConsiderationsCopyright

This proposal declares no Solidity interface, so there is nothing to compute. It may be a core protocol change, a meta proposal, or written in prose only.

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